To find other documents in Loc.gov relating to this topic, you might use the terms work or workers, factories, or specific occupations such as miner, machinist, factory worker, or machine operator.(WARNING: we obviously are going to discuss some big spoilers for “Black Mirror: Bandersnatch” in here). Even so, labor unions did not gain even close to equal footing with businesses and industries until the economic chaos of the 1930s. Still, unions were able to organize a variety of strikes and other work stoppages that served to publicize their grievances about working conditions and wages. Such labor unions were not notably successful in organizing large numbers of workers in the late 19th century.
Now, however, there were increasing reasons for workers to join labor unions.
To be sure, craft guilds had been around a long time. One result of mechanization and factory production was the growing attractiveness of labor organization. Finally, factory managers began to enforce an industrial discipline, forcing workers to work set hours which were often very long. The pace of work usually became faster and faster work was often performed in factories built to house the machines. Machines, on the other hand, tended to subdivide production down into many small repetitive tasks with workers often doing only a single task. When they saw a knife, or barrel, or shirt or dress, they had a sense of accomplishment. Skilled craftspeople of earlier days had the satisfaction of seeing a product through from beginning to end. For one, machines changed the way people worked. Mechanization also had less desirable effects. In short, machine production created a growing abundance of products at cheaper prices. By reducing labor costs, such machines not only reduced manufacturing costs but lowered prices manufacturers charged consumers. By the 1870s, machines were knitting stockings and stitching shirts and dresses, cutting and stitching leather for shoes, and producing nails by the millions. In the century since such mechanization had begun, machines had replaced highly skilled craftspeople in one industry after another. This process was first introduced and perfected by British textile manufacturers. At the heart of these huge increases was the mass production of goods by machines. The late 19th-century United States is probably best known for the vast expansion of its industrial plant and output.
Work in the Late 19th Century Cotton Gin at Dahomey, between 18
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